Environmental Studies (ENVS)

This course will examine what it means to practice good organizational citizenship and how the introduction of sustainable practices can create value. We will explore how organizations make sound ethical decisions and how these decisions can bring about positive changes to address social and environmental concerns. The recognition of the need to be fiscally responsible and balance profit against these other factors including risk to achieve sustainable future growth will be discussed. The use of outside readings, real-world examples and a project with a sustainability focus will put the course material into practice.

Enrollment limited to NON-Accounting majors only

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

An introduction to evolution, ecology and the diversity of life: plants, animals, fungi, protists and prokaryotes. Intended for all biology and environmental studies majors.

GPA units: 1.25

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

This course will introduce students to scientific thinking and give a brief introduction to the biology of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Emphasis will then shift to examining the role of microbes within hurricanes and environments affected by hurricanes through review of scientific literature. Topics will include, outbreaks of infectious diseases, spread of antibiotic resistance, bioremediation of contaminated sites and bioenergy.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

An extensive exploration into the hydrology, chemistry, and ecology of freshwater ecosystems. Covering stream ecology and limnology from natural pristine settings to urban environments, we aim to understand the basic functioning as well as the impact of current threats on freshwater systems. Biology Major distribution area: Ecology and evolutionary biology.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually

Field-based study of New England's diverse freshwater habitats, encompassing lakes, streams, reservoirs, rivers, and wetlands. Laboratory work will focus on characterizing the chemistry and biology of these ecosystems. Students will undertake an independent lab project, collecting and analyzing data to produce a comprehensive lab report. Field activities may occur in strenuous conditions at various off-campus locations. Biology Major distribution area: Ecology and evolutionary Biology.

Corequisite: BIOL 233.

GPA units: 0.5

Typically Offered: Annually

This course presents a survey of the organisms that live in the sea and their adaptations to the marine environment. The course covers the major divisions of marine life and their diversity of form, as well as common ecological patterns, physiological processes and evolutionary strategies. The function and role of coastal, open-ocean, and deep sea ecosystems are also considered, as is the relevance of marine biology to current scientific, social, health, and economic affairs. Includes laboratory. Biology Major distribution area: Ecology and evolutionary biology.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163

GPA units: 1.25

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Annually

The study of the distribution and abundance of plants and their interactions with the abiotic environment and other organisms. In this course, we will investigate these interactions over a range of scales, from the physiological to the community, landscape, and global. Further, we will examine how plant ecological principles apply to the fields of agriculture, conservation biology, and environmental science. Classes will be a mix of lecture on general principles plus discussion of primary literature and writings by scientists historically underrepresented in the field of ecology. Laboratory exercises will introduce students to standard lab, field, and data analysis techniques used by plant ecologists, as well as provide an opportunity to learn about the natural history of various Massachusetts ecosystems. Students will conduct an independent research project. Biology Major distribution area: Ecology and evolutionary biology.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163

GPA units: 1.25

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Spring

An introduction to the handling, analysis, and interpretation of biological data. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability distributions, goodness of fit tests, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, regression, and correlation. Biology Major distribution area: None.

Prerequisite: BIOL 161 or BIOL 162 or BIOL 163. Students who have taken ECON 249, MATH 220, PSYC 200 or SOCL 226 may not enroll in the class.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

A comprehensive introduction to the study of relationships between organisms and their environments, including individual organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems, alongside the natural history of New England. Through exploration of classic and contemporary ecological literature, we delve into the evolution of the field and current ideas. Biology Major distribution area: Ecology and evolutionary biology.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163. Students who have taken BIOL 331 may not enroll in BIOL 280.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually

This lab introduces techniques for field and laboratory settings, exploring basic and advanced methods to understand ecological patterns and processes across all levels. Activities will cover terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as computational methods for analyzing ecological data. Students will conduct an independent lab project, culminating in a comprehensive lab presentation. Fieldwork may involve strenuous conditions and visits to off-campus locations. Biology Major distribution area: Ecology and evolutionary biology.

Corequisite: BIOL 280.

GPA units: 0.5

Typically Offered: Annually

Invertebrate Biology presents a survey of the diversity in animal body designs. The course emphasizes the form, function, behavior, ecology, and evolutionary relationships of major invertebrate taxa. The course will also cover historical and modern interactions between invertebrates and humans, e.g. as food, parasites, model systems for biological and medical research, as well as being general sources of fascination. Biology Major distribution area: Organismal biology.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163.

GPA units: 1.25

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

The course covers the history of ecosystem ecology, biogeochemical cycles and budgets, ecosystem energetics and trophic structure, and the response of ecosystems to disturbance and human-accelerated environmental change. The latter part of the course emphasizes discussion of recent primary literature that contributes to the conceptual framework underlying the management and conservation of diverse ecosystems. Biology Major distribution area: Ecological and evolutionary biology.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

Investigates the chemistry of the Earth's environment through systematic studies of our atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere and the exchange and interplay between them. The primary focus of the course will be environmental change taking place today including those that threaten plant and animal habitats and pose hazards to human health. Understanding of our environment and current threats to it will be gained through a combination of readings, lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and problem sets.

Antirequisite: Students who have taken CHEM 181 may not enroll in this course.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

This introductory general chemistry course leads students to explore in-depth the scientific method through the formulation and testing of hypotheses in the laboratory. Laboratory experiments lead students to discover basic principles, i.e., stoichiometric relationships, electronic configuration and molecular structure. Lectures will explain and expand upon laboratory results. This is first course in the Discovery Chemistry Core sequence for science majors and students interested in health professions. This course includes both lecture and a weekly "Discovery Lab" session.

GPA units: 1.5

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Annually Fall

Focuses on studying and understanding the role equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics play in chemical systems. Specific topics include phase and chemical equilibria, colligative properties of solutions, acid/base equilibria, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics including enthalpy, entropy and free energy, and gas laws. Laboratory focused, this general chemistry course also introduces students to modern analytical instrumentation while developing critical wet chemical analytical techniques. One four-hour discovery laboratory session per week is included.

Prerequisite: CHEM 181.

GPA units: 1.5

Typically Offered: Spring

This course will focus on the measurement of chemical contaminants and their origins. You will investigate methods and instrumentation employed in the fields of environmental, forensic and environmental forensic chemistry. Primary literature will guide our discussion of various techniques and applications. Understanding of the details of these advanced instrumental techniques and applications will be gained through a combination of reading, lectures, discussions, and integrated lab experiences. This course will meet two days per week. About six weeks during the semester, a 2.5 hour lab will be integrated into the course.

Prerequisite: CHEM 300

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

This course explores the intersection of gender, indigeneity, and environmental issues, emphasizing the roles of Indigenous women in shaping and caring their lands and ecosystems. Through case studies from the Andes in Latin America (Abiayala) and beyond, students will engage with Indigenous Knowledge Systems to examine the vital contributions of Native and Indigenous women to ecological stewardship, organic sustainability in relation to Environmental Justice (EJ) and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Topics covered include, but are not limited to, Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, feminismos comunitarios (community feminisms), environmental racism, settler colonialism, land rights, and the impacts of global development programs and projects implemented in Indigenous territories. The course places particular emphasis on how Indigenous women navigate, negotiate, and resist environmental policies that paradoxically perpetuate environmental (in)justices. Students will critically analyze how patriarchal structures intersect with colonial environmentalism by engaging with a variety of readings, media sources, and films, and classes conducted both indoors and outdoors in contact with nature. The course incorporates significant contributions from interdisciplinary thinkers and transnational perspectives. Additionally, it aims to support students professional development by encouraging reflection on their intellectual projects and academic aspirations through in-class exercises and final project.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies

From the built landscape of the Acropolis to the imagined sacred landscape of Abydos, ancient populations lived, died, and operated within a myriad of significant and insignificant landscapes, all of which played their own roles as agents in society and culture. This course aims to examine these landscapes through an interdisciplinary lens, considering the ways in which these spaces affected, and were affected by, the associated human communities and their material and immaterial networks. This course will begin with a historiographic overview of key aspects of Landscape Theory and the Archaeology of Landscape, during which time we will discuss the foundations of the theoretical field and its applications. We will then apply these ideas and methodologies to case studies pulled from the landscapes of ancient Egypt and Nubia, the ancient Mediterranean, and the Levant, considering the role of the natural, built, and imagined spaces throughout the country. In addition to the archaeology and anthropology of landscape, we will also consider questions of space, memory, and the ways in which landscapes can be understood as tools of political, religious, or social power.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies

In this course, we will explore how the ancient Greeks and Romans engaged with the natural world surrounding them. Our course will consider several themes, including the relationship between city and country; philosophical treatments of the natural world; the role of the environment in literature; and the conceptualization of the universe and its origins. We will base our discussion of these themes on our analysis of evidence from antiquity, which will span both material remains like Greek temples and Roman villas as well as literary and philosophical works central to western civilization. Looking back at ancient philosophy, pastoral poems, and early epics, we will read selections from authors such as the pre-Socratic philosophers, Homer, Hesiod, Plato, Aristotle, Lucretius, and Seneca. Alongside our study of the ancient world, we will glance ahead to consider the reception of the Greeks and Romans' treatment of nature, with our contemporary readings including selections from Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato Si'.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature, Philosophical Studies

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources among competing uses. This course is an introduction to economic issues and the tools that economists use to study those issues: supply and demand, decision making by consumers and firms, market failures, economic output and growth, fiscal and monetary policy in relation to unemployment and inflation, interest rates, technological progress, and international economics. Topics include both the study of markets and the need for public policy/government action to address market failures. Course is intended for students who are considering all majors or concentrations which require an introductory economics course. Course makes use of graphing and algebra, and meets for four hours per week.

Antirequisite: Students who have taken either ECON 111 or ECON 112 may not enroll in this course.

GPA units: 1.25

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Shows how natural resource usage and environmental issues can be analyzed from an economic perspective. Presents the basic concepts of environmental economics and develops the analytical and policy tools used in environmental economics. Considers the problems of air pollution, water pollution and solid and hazardous waste management, their causes and how they can be reduced. Other topics such as global warming, amendments to the Clean Air Act and international environmental issues will be discussed.

Prerequisite: ECON 110 or ECON 111 and ECON 112 or ENVS major and ECON 112.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Annually

There is a continued trend in the accumulation of carbon dioxide emissions causing rapid global warming with impacts on the environment, species, the economy, and society. This course explores the economic causes and consequences of climate change and potential solutions to reduce its impacts. We will assess climate change policies in the U.S and globally. We will also use economic theories and models to evaluate their costs and benefits and distributional effects between poor and rich countries.

Prerequisite: ECON 110 or equivalent.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Annually

Designed for English majors, non-English majors and Environmental Studies Concentrators this course offers students an overview of writing in response to nature in American literature with an emphasis upon environmental history, narratives of eco-criticism and the role of literature in the formation of the American environmental movement from the 19th century onward. The course begins with the writings of Thoreau and Emerson , then moves to consider works by writers such as Aldo Leopold, Rachel Carson, John McPhee, Bill McKibben, Lauret Savoy, Elizabeth Kolbert and others. The course finishes with the study of contemporary writing that challenges ways we view the environment in the face of climate change and climate instability in the 21st century. No previous study in environmental history or American literature is required -- all students are welcome. This course will challenge you with new ideas and lots of reading, but it will incorporate creative approaches to writing assignments.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Every Third Year, Spring

A study of the major writers of the Romantic movement -- Edmund Burke, Mary Wollstonecraft, William Wordsworth, Dorothy Wordsworth, Coleridge, Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Byron, Keats, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey. One unit.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

A study of the evolution of contemporary American non-fiction narrative, which traces its roots to the 19th-century writing of Emerson and Thoreau.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

A study of the development of cultural contact between Native Americans and Europeans, the Puritan experiment, and the founding of the nation from 1600 - 1830.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) is often credited as being the founder of the American environmental movement. We will read Thoreaus rich Journals and world-famous Walden, and his political manifesto Civil Disobedience to understand the reasons for his continuing influence around the world: What has people building replicas of Thoreaus cabin today, or living in tiny houses, a la Thoreau? What has activists still using his essay Civil Disobedience as a guide? How is he valued today as a scientist? And how does his scientific and poetic approach to nature help widen and deepen our sense of what we now call the environmental humanities? Thoreau was in many ways a founder of the field. This course involves much walking and fieldwork around Pakachoag (College Hill) and other locations, including Walden Pond and Walden Woods. Well practice Thoreaus methods of observation and reflection by keeping a field journal. We will read current scholarship on Thoreau as an early ecologist, geologist, and recorder of Native American knowledge. Well read wildlife biologist Drew Lanhams Home Place: Memoirs of a Colored Mans Love Affair with Nature to put Walden in dialogue with other rich studies of place being written today.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

Rather than provide a survey of environmental literature, this course will explore how various literary texts imagine a relation (or non-relation) between the human being and the non-human world. We will consider works from multiple genres and time periods alongside longstanding and recent theoretical approaches to the question of nature. How do imaginative writers represent the place of the human being in the larger, "natural" world? Do their texts have an ethical or political valence? What kind of local and global environments do they represent, or attempt to bring into being? What place does human labor, or human indolence, have in shaping the world? What role does the animal take in human imagining? Assignments are designed to help students frame these and other questions for themselves while attending closely to questions of literary form.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

The goal of this course is to provide an understanding of major environmental problems by studying their biological bases. Applied and basic material will be integrated in most sections. Basic topics include ecosystem structure, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles, population growth and regulation and environmental policy. Applied topics include human population growth, agriculture and food production, pest control, conservation of forests and wildlife, preservation of biological diversity, energy use, water and air pollution and atmospheric climate change.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

This course introduces students to the interdisciplinary field of environmental studies, which examines the diverse relationships between humans and the natural and constructed worlds in which they live. This course will examine the complex ways that we think about what constitutes nature and environment and how humans do and should relate to these categories. It will then provide an overview of the emergence of environmental challenges as a topic of concern in the United States and globally as well as encourage students to engage with contemporary environmental challenges. We will place special emphasis on questions of how axes of difference (class, race, ethnicity, nationality, etc.) intersect with environmental change, using social justice as a core lens through which we will define, describe, and analyze impacts of and solutions to environmental challenges. Integrating approaches from the social sciences and humanities, the course will provide students with essential background for engaging in subsequent Environmental Studies courses  and for living in a rapidly changing world.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Annually

Environmental narratives are stories told by different people and cultures around the world that shape our ideas and values about how we relate to our surroundings. Some very famous and important storiesbeginning even with the story of Genesis in the Old Testamenthave served to emphasize both the separation of humans from nature, and also the superiority of humans to nature. Why have these stories encouraged us to think in this way, and how might we rethink these narratives to develop new and more informed understandings of how humans interact with the world? By using the methods and approaches of humanist scholarship, this class engages in the broader movement of the environmental humanities, and explores the ways that political, social, and cultural values shape how we understand our responsibilities to the natural world and to each other.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually

Climate change is the most pressing problem facing humanity and is already impacting every aspect of society. This course will cover the irrefutable scientific evidence on how humans are causing global warming and the current and projected impacts of climate change. The political and social science aspects of the climate debate will be explored, as well as science-informed policies that provide viable solutions to limit climate impacts. Pathways toward a more climate resilient and sustainable future that also address longstanding environmental justice issues will also be covered.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Oceans and People is an introduction to the multi-disciplinary field of marine science. This course will provide an overview of the main sub-disciplines of the marine sciences (the biology, geology, chemistry, and physics of the ocean) and will also consider concepts and ideas from ecology, conservation science, meteorology, cultural anthropology, economics, political science, and environmental law. A solid understanding of how the world ocean works and humanity's association with it is fundamental to the appreciation, preservation, utilization, and protection of oceanic environments worldwide.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Environmental law is controversial and fascinating. Consider some of these newspaper headlines: "Scientist Say Climate Heating Up," "Pesticides Found in Local Groundwater," "Endangered Salamander Stops Development." Environmental law and policy are a part of everyday life. The challenges to environmental quality have a critical influence on where we live and how well we live and, most important, the kind of world in which our children and their children will live.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually

Environmental justice is the fight and the right for everyoneregardless of identity or geographyto live, work, and play in a clean and healthy environment. While this may seem like a simple truth, reality often reflects deep inequities. This course explores environmental justice (EJ) from its roots in U.S.-based activism to global movements, examining who bears the burdens of environmental harm and who benefits from environmental protections. It examines the interactions between political processes, social structures, and power dynamics over time to determine how they influence in/equality and in/justice through the communities in our case studies. It explores imaginative futures, and enables students to investigate EJ through academic research, creative expression, and applied writing.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Annually

If we were to think of the relationship between food and humans as a twenty-four hour clock, our industrial/neoliberal food system has only been around for twenty seconds. Its promise (cheap and plentiful food and the eradication of hunger) has not been fulfilled, and instead it has created peril and increased precarity. Mitigations to this system, such as the emergency food systemi.e. food banks/pantries and soup kitchens, have become permanent features. Alternatives, such as organic and/or local systems, have for the most part been co-opted by it. The result is a system that continues to failmaintained by massive subsidies, regressive policies/politics, migrant workers, animal cruelty, and poor land management practices. Its no coincidence that this neoliberal food system has coincided with, and might be the largest component of, the greatest threat to our survivalclimate change. Climate change will have severe implications for how and what we eat; causing increased flooding, coastal erosion, crop failure, plant migration, species extinction, and habitat destruction. Climate change is antithetical to agriculturea system that largely relies on certainty, calculable risks, and consistency. This course will examine the past, present, and promise of a resilient and sustainable food system in Worcester.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Alternate Years, Spring

How do we come to understand our environments through both real and imagined moments of disaster? We will explore literary and cultural representations to examine how socio-environmental disasters become linked to place, like hurricanes in the Gulf South. We will also examine disaster narratives of flooding, pipelines, and industrial pollution to consider how people navigate, resist, and survive increasing or new disasters. What narratives emerge when disasters strike, and how are our imaginations and stories shaped by our experiences of disaster? What can literature and expressive culture offer us as we grow our understanding of and develop more just approaches toward the preparation and prevention of disasters across place and time? Students will design and share a research-based creative project related to a disaster of their choosing.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Annually

This course offers an overview of the interdisciplinary field of environmental psychology. We will explore the dynamic relationships between people and places in order to understand how our behavior and cultural values shape our environment, and how in turn, our surroundings affect us. Using the lens of environments where we live, work and play, we will examine the everyday experience of different types of places including the home, institutional settings, public space, and play spaces. Attention will be placed upon social and spatial inequalities, local and global relations, and intersections of race, gender, sexual orientation, culture, and power. We will explore psychological questions of perception, place identity, restorative environments, pro-environmental behavior, culture, place attachment, cognition, and the meaning of spaces through readings, film, visual exercises, and ethnographic analysis. The course will place emphasis upon the built environment, with a particular focus on addressing the intertwining of social and environmental problems, and the role of design in producing social spaces.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Spring

The Earths climate is changing rapidly and represents the most pressing problem facing humanity. This course examines the science of the Earths climate system and the natural and anthropogenic forcing mechanisms that cause climate variability and change. It covers the mathematical models that describe the Earths energy balance and the sophisticated computer simulations models that allow the sensitivity of the climate system to be explored and for climate change impacts to be projected. Solutions to the climate crisis through science-informed policies covering mitigation and adaptation will also be examined.

Prerequisite: ENVS 125 (or ENVS 117 or CHEM 181 or PHYS 115 or GEOS 120 or GEOS 150 or MATH 133 or MATH 135) or by permission.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Annually

Minimizing the impacts of global climate change requires society to transition to non-fossil-fuel energy sources as quickly as possible. This course will explore the issues associated with developing our carbon-free energy future through renewable and other sustainable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal. Topics will include the use of climatological data to project potential generation from renewables, siting issues, dealing with the variability of wind and cloud cover (and on longer timeframes, the rain needed to maintain hydropower reservoirs), and the complex interplay between generation and storage that need to be addressed to ensure reliable delivery of the energy we need now and in the future. All of this will be framed as part of the larger goal of achieving a more sustainable future.

Prerequisite: ENVS 117 or 125 or 235 or CHEM 181 or PHYS 115 or GEOS 120 or 150 or MATH 133/135.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Spring

Introduces and explores the fundamental concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with a focus on how to store, query, and analyze spatial environmental data. While students will gain a working knowledge of specific GIS software, the focus of the course is on concepts that are fundamental to spatial analysis using any GIS software. GIS is used in a diversity of fields ranging from archaeology to zoology, with some specific examples being ecology, geology, environmental hazards, environmental and social justice, and business. This course explains the structure and function of GIS, placing them in the context of computer information systems, cartography, and supporting disciplines such as remote sensing, and shows why and how GIS is important. Covers basic concepts such as map characteristics and projections, relational databases, and spatial analysis. Explores sources of data and the implementation and management of GIS projects to answer important environmental and societal questions.

Prerequisite: Enrollment is limited to ENVS majors or minors only.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually

In this course, you will examine the urban forest ' one of the most important natural systems in cities to increase the quality of life and health of residents. Urban forests are socio-ecological systems; their structure, composition and distribution are the results of biophysical and human factors. For this reason, students will learn how to identify trees, best practices in planting and stewardship and how to model ecosystem services as well as the urban theory that explains the governance and 'rules of the game' behind green space distribution in cities. After completion of the course students should: identify common street trees in the northeast; monitor and model the urban forest and the ecosystem services they provide; be knowledgeable about the social processes and power dynamics that impact the composition and distribution of urban green space; be able to collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data to answer research questions.

Prerequisite: BIOL 117.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

This course explores how forests work by examining the past and present of New England forests. Students learn key ecological ideas such as succession, disturbance, and species interactions through regional case studies. Beginning with the retreat of glaciers, the course traces how climate, land use, and human activity have shaped forest composition and structure over time. Topics include Indigenous stewardship, colonial land clearing, agricultural abandonment, shifting disturbance regimes, invasive species, fragmentation, and climate change. Students will learn how the New England forests we see today developed and how they may change in the future.

Prerequisite: ENVS 117.

GPA units: 1

How do we tell cultural stories about and with our environments? This course examines various forms of environmental stories through the study of folklore, or artistic and informal traditional culture. From personal narratives and legends to customary practices and beliefs, we will explore how folklore and environment are theorized and applied through the documentation and analysis of environmental expressive culture. How do folklorists, activists, writers, artists, documentarians, and journalists use traditional culture to tell environmental stories and envision just futures? How might cultural forms help us work collaboratively to address environmental crises, and what role do folklore and storytelling hold in the work of environmental justice? As a class, students will design and create a research-based, collaborative project showcasing diverse forms of environmental folklore and narrative.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Global Energy explores the science behind how energy is produced, transformed, and used across the world. Through hands-on experiments, collaborative group work, and a creative final project, students will examine a wide range of energy technologiesfrom fossil fuels to renewablesand the social, environmental, and economic impacts tied to them. The course emphasizes real-world connections and encourages students to think critically about their roles as energy consumers, producers, and decision-makers in a global context. Students will gain a foundational understanding of the forms energy takes, how energy systems operate, and how technology and policy shape energy access and equity around the world. This course is designed for students from all disciplines who want to understand the science of energy and its relevance to their everyday lives and the future of the planet.

GPA units: 1

This environmental humanities course provides a guided reading of Henry David Thoreaus central works. Well consider him as a founder of environmentalism and his continuing influence around the world: What has people building replicas of Thoreaus cabin today, or living in tiny houses, a la Thoreau? What has activists still using his essay Civil Disobedience as a guide? How is he valued today as a scientist? And how does his scientific and poetic approach to nature help widen and deepen our sense of the environmental humanities? Thoreau was in many ways a founder of the field.This course involves much walking and fieldwork around Pakachoag (College Hill) and other locations (well explore on Walden Pond and paddle the Concord River). Through these excursions well practice Thoreaus methods of observation and reflection (in a field journal). We will read current scholarship on Thoreau as an early ecologist, geologist, and recorder of Native American knowledge. Well read wildlife biologist Drew Lanhams Home Place: Memoirs of a Colored Mans Love Affair with Nature to put Walden in dialogue with other rich studies of place being written today.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

This seminar focuses on feminist climate justice, which addresses how gender and power shape the unequal impacts of climate change. We will engage with environmental studies, feminist science and technology studies, advances in glaciology, and the human dimensions of climate change to explore climate justice in icy regions of the globe. Women and LGBTQIA+ peopleespecially those who live in economically disadvantaged communities, reside in the Global South, or identify as people of colorbear the disproportionate costs of environmental change. There are still major gaps in research, public awareness, and funding to address this issue, especially in remote areas with glaciers that are home to historically marginalized communities. Over the course of the semester, you will be asked to engage with as feminist theory and practice to re-think how climate change knowledge is produced and valued. Several weeks of the class will focus on rapidly de-glaciating regions, including the Andes, the Arctic, and Antarctica, and will draw on place-based local knowledge in addition to scientific and social scientific studies. This course will also teach you how to critically analyze climate change data and narratives, since information on climate and gender is synthesized and communicated to the public in a variety of contested formats. This class will function as a seminar in that you will be required to engage in course topics through weekly, in-depth reading and critical analysis of scholarly works in a discussion-style format. Throughout the term, you will also produce a research paper and rough draft for peer review, a creative assignment with an accompanying presentation, a short essay assignment on data feminisms, one group class lead where you unpack the readings for the week, and bi-weekly reading responses. By the end of the course, you will be better able to articulate how both gender and feminist theory can help to re-think human-environment interactions and climate justice in icy places.

Prerequisite: One previous environmental studies or gender, sexuality, and women's studies course.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

A program in reading and research in a specific topic.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

This capstone seminar is designed for Environmental Studies majors to apply and integrate their knowledge from previous coursework, while introducing the opportunity to conduct independent or collaborative work oriented towards the discovery of new information and/or solving environmental challenges. Seminar topics will vary from year to year and will be organized through an overarching question related to the environment. This question will be explored through a multi- and/or interdisciplinary lens, and in most years will involve community stakeholders, such as the College, the city of Worcester, and/or local organizations. Work will culminate in a final project and presentation.

Prerequisite: 4th year ENVS majors or permission.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually Fall

This introductory geoscience course will provide an examination of the causes, effects, and options available to mitigate natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, sinkholes, earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami, landslides, and meteorite impacts. While the focus will be on the science, we will also discuss big-picture concepts such as hazard and risk, resilience and recovery, environmental social justice, and the earth as a connected system. This course is appropriate for current or potential geoscience and environmental studies minors, as well as students interested in a natural science course. There will be three exams plus readings from the popular and scientific literature, hands-on data analysis, writing assignments, and a group oral presentation. One Unit.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

Is there life elsewhere in the solar system or in the universe? How and where did life begin? What conditions are required for life? How do geologic processes affect the habitability of planets, moons, and exoplanets? In this class, we will explore theories about the formation of the solar system, evidence for the appearance and evolution of life, and describe how geologic processes and planetary evolution are related to life and habitability. This course will draw on important concepts in biology, geology, astronomy, planetary science, and philosophy.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Fall

This course covers the physical processes and history of the Earth. Topics typically include the formation of the Earth, physical properties and identification of minerals and rocks, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, geologic time, surface processes, the geology of energy resources, and global climate change. Field trips to local geologic sites provide hands-on experience using classic and modern approaches to investigating the Earth and its history. Includes laboratory.

GPA units: 1.25

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Annually

Geomorphology is an introduction to landforms and the geological processes that modify Earth's surface. Topics include tectonic, wind, soil, hillslope, glacial, and river processes; modern quantitative methods of investigating landscapes, including numerical modeling and GIS; and the influences of humans, climate, and biologic activity on surface processes and the physical environment. Includes computer and field work in the weekly laboratory.

Prerequisite: BIOL 117 or BIOL 163 or CHEM 181 ENVS 117 or PHYS 115 or GEOS 120 or GEOS 150 or by permission.

GPA units: 1.25

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

Watershed Hydrology is an introduction to the movement and storage of atmospheric, surface, and ground water within a watershed. This class examines hydrologic processes and the geologic and topographic characteristics that control them, as well as how hydrologic data are collected and analyzed. Topics include the hydrologic cycle, water budgets, precipitation, evaporation, snow hydrology, infiltration, groundwater hydrology and contamination, runoff, stream flow, hydrographs, and flooding. Hydrology is a highly quantitative discipline and math at the pre-calculus level will be used extensively in this course. Prior college math or geoscience coursework is recommended but not required. Includes laboratory.

Prerequisite: BIOL 163 or CHEM 141 or CHEM 181 or ENVS 117 or ENVS 125 or PHYS 115 or GEOS 120 or GEOS 150 or MATH 133 or MATH 135 or permission of the instructor.

GPA units: 1.25

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

This course is an introduction to the inter-disciplinary study of the world's oceans, and provides an overview of the main oceanographic sub-disciplines: biological, chemical, geological, and physical oceanography. The course will cover topics related to the science underlying global climate change, ocean acidification, ocean warming, sea level rise, marine pollution, resource extraction, and meteorology. A solid understanding of how the world ocean works and humanity's association with it is fundamental to the appreciation, preservation, utilization, and protection of oceanic environments worldwide.

Enrollment limited to 3rd and 4th year Science Majors or by instructor permission.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

Thinking about nature often compels us to think in the past tense. Whether imagined as a paradisical realm before the arrival of Humans or the imposition of Culture, or as a network of ecological relations prior to exploitation and extraction, we have no shortage of narratives telling us what nature was, or perspectives that start from the end of nature. What would it mean to think nature differently? What if the idea of nature were to begin anew each time it is invoked, in literature, art,science, and critical thought?The course focuses on four foundational notions of nature that inform environmental politics in current European discourses: Nature as a network of interconnected parts; nature as an existence in physical, geographical, and political space; nature as a legal person; and finally, nature as an extractable resource. Taking this class provides you with specific contexts for the emergence of these frameworks as they appear in German-language writers, thinkers, and artists from the Enlightenment to the present-day. If you want to know how conceptions of nature have oscillated from the local to the global (and back again), if you want to know the role of the sustainability in the history of the German Green Party or what can be done about Germany's ongoing colonial legacy, if you wonder what it would mean to give animals, plants, and waters "human" rights, or how we got to our recent phenomenon of "green capitalism"--- all these questions, and others, are addressed in this class.Drawing from interdisciplinary, multi-medial encounters with nature in our present moment of ecological disaster, we will explore the disastrous signifier that is Nature, a category which offers no unified notion of beginnings and ends, but rather speaks in multiple tongues across the affordances of space and time.This course is open to all students and does not presuppose any specialized expertise in the fields named above. The readings and discussions for GERM 260 are in English. Depending on interest, a weekly German-language practicum may be offered.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies

Typically Offered: Annually Fall

Environmental concernsclimate change, as well as sustainability, pollution, invasive species, and moreare among the most pressing challenges facing society today. But todays environmental dynamics have deep historical roots and resonances. This class introduces students to the methodology of environmental history through exploring the relationship between humans and the natural world over the past five hundred years. Key topics include the relationship between colonialism and the environment, the history of (un)sustainability, the historical origins of contemporary climate change, and the emergence of environmentalism as a social and political movement.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

Typically Offered: Annually

The story of the American food system Is fundamentally an environmental one. Over the past several centuries food production has evolved from a process that was bound by seasonal, regional, and other ecological limitations, to a highly industrialized and astoundingly productive system that defies these earlier limitations. For most Americans, food exists in the abstract. We find it at restaurants and in grocery stores with little sense of how it came from the earth and to our tables. Indeed, we expect to eat whatever we might desire regardless of what time of the year, which is an astoundingly new reality in the grand scope of human history!

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

From the Scientific Revolution to the origins of industry based on fossil fuel, the early modern period has long been understood as a time of transformation in humans relationship to the natural world. Yet such changes were not limited to Europe alone, but involved every part of the world. This course explores the global history of how people have understood, interacted with, and reshaped nature from the beginning of European colonialism in the Americas around 1500 up to the mid-nineteenth century. Key topics include the role of European colonialism and interactions with indigenous people in the development of science and environmental thought, global systems of categorizing and cataloguing nature, and changing approaches towards natural resources at the dawn of the industrial revolution.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

Typically Offered: Annually Fall

This course examines the history and culture of the region encompassing the modern American southwest and Mexican north from Spanish imperialism to modern immigration debates. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of Native, Latinx, and Anglo American societies in creating unique borderlands society through the present day. This history offers important insight into processes of religious conflict, political revolution, economic dependency and globalization through Latin American and U.S. history.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies, Historical Studies

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

This is a class about power: power in the sense of energy (from the sun, wind, plants, animals, nuclear technology, and especially fossil fuels) and how control of energy has linked to political and social power across time. The field of energy history connects history and the environment, exploring human societies through the lens of efforts to secure, maintain, and expand the energy supply.This course introduces this method of looking at history. Touching briefly on the deep history of humans and energy, the main focus will be the past two and a half centuries: the industrial revolution and the rise of coal; modern entanglements with oil and other forms of power; climate change and other environmental effects of changing energy regimes. Beyond power plants and coal mines, this inquiry also engages subjects like the relationships between humans and animals, the role of technology in the past, and the history of food. At the end of the semester, wewill use the lens of energy history to consider recent efforts to spark an energy transition back to renewable sources.Throughout, the focus will be direct engagement with questions of the connections between energy and power, people, and the natural world.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

This course explores interactions between humans and the non-human world in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with emphasis on the Global South. Case studies will be drawn from Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America. In these cases, students will study historical themes in agriculture, health, urbanization, industrialization, hydro-development, climate change, and human struggles for environmental justice. Course materials will include scholarly writing, literature, and film.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

There is great talk about "globalization" and "global economies" during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. However, people living in America were touched by global economic processes as early as the time of Columbus. This course explores North America's first global age beginning in the 1400s and extending through the 1860s. It examines this history thematically by focusing on various kinds of trades and industries such as gold, fish, timber, tobacco, silver, sugar, alcohol, fur, coffee, tea, and cotton. In addition to economic processes, the course addresses the social, cultural, and political implications of these global trade connections for Americans of African, European, and Native descent. Fulfills one pre-modern/pre-industrial requirement for the major.

Prerequisite: HIST 200 or permission of the Instructor. Students who have taken MONT 102G in Fall 2016, or MONT 103G in Spring 2017 are unable to enroll in this course.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

Typically Offered: Annually

Introduction to the role of mathematics as a modeling tool, including the construction, interpretation and application of mathematical models. Applications chosen to illustrate various modeling paradigms such as deterministic, probabilistic, discrete and continuous modeling and may include population dynamics, biomedical applications, stock market analysis, and network and traffic flows.

Prerequisite: MATH 241 and MATH 244 or equivalent or permission from Instructor.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

This course addresses water both across the globe and through time. In it we will examine the hydrological cycle, consider the different types of water sources, and explore how water impacts human populations. We will see that this necessity is not only vital for survival and integral to daily life, but also that it can be destructive. With a seminar format, this course is reading- and discussion-heavyand we will learn a lot from sharing with each other! This course includes a Community-Based Learning (CBL) placement with focus on the natural world in order to help us find hope and joy through interaction with the environment and through addressing environmental issues.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

This course addresses water both across the globe and through time. In it we will examine human interactions with water, consider how humans approach different types of water resources, and explore human impacts on waterscapes. We will see how human ingenuity is utilized to exploit this vital necessity, but also how human intervention can be destructive. This course includes a Community-Based Learning (CBL) placement with focus on the natural world in order to help us find hope and joy through interaction with the environment and through addressing environmental issues.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Historical Studies

The class begins with a survey of environmental philosophy, exploring anthropocentrism, sentiocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. With those in hand, we explore the question of what the government ought to do about it. We then study four contemporary political theories: liberalism, libertarianism, conservatism, and capabilities theory. Each of these theories is deeply anthropocentric (human-centered) in its original form, but some are easier to "green" than others and we will test them all to see which can incorporate the values driving the different environmental positions. Throughout we will debate whether we should green the theories (and if so, which way?) and we will repeatedly test our theories against real world issues: what do they tell us the government should do about factory farming, organic food, wilderness restoration, environmental racism, climate change, or anything else?

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Philosophical Studies

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

What kind of person should I be? What do I owe to others, and to myself? What, if anything, do I owe to non-human others  animals, nature, the environment  and what kind of role can those things play in my own moral development? This class will study three different sets of answers to those questions, as represented in the traditions of Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, and Virtue Ethics. Each of these theories begins as anthropocentric (human-centered), but we will introduce sentiocentric, biocentric, and ecocentric commitments and see which theories can accommodate those expanded concerns. We will repeatedly test our theories, in both original and modified forms, against real world issues: what do they tell us to do about factory farming, meat consumption, animal use in medical testing, wilderness restoration, climate change, or anything else?

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Philosophical Studies

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

How do we get energy from wind? What is the physics behind global warming? What are the potentials and dangers of nuclear power? This course will give you the scientific understanding of energy sources, transformations, and systems. Students will learn how we tap various sources of energy, how energy is used in our everyday lives, and the consequences of our growing demand for energy.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Natural Science

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

How can the world's less developed countries achieve sustainable development (in environmental, economic, and political terms)? This course discusses structural and institutional challenges to sustainable development in the global South, investigates different responses to these challenges (and their different degrees of success), and assesses the impact of development--and underdevelopment--on both societies and the environment.

Prerequisite: POLS 102 or POLS 103.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Annually

This course focuses on the explanations for why environmental problems are created, the impacts they have, the difficulties of addressing them, and the government regulatory mechanisms that succeed in mitigating them. These themes are examined through a comparative lens across multiple countries and levels of governance. Key topics include externalities; collective action problems; Kuznet's curve; polycentricity; externalities; social values and norms; international environmental problems; and environmental justice. Also addressed are different policy approaches for addressing environmental problems, including direct regulatory measures, market-based instruments, and information provisioning. Furthermore, the course considers criteria for evaluating environmental policy approaches, such as political feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and social equity.

Prerequisite: POLS 102 or ENVS 118

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

Energy is at the core of economic development in addition to intersecting in critical ways with international political economy, global environmental politics, and global security. The course will examine the geopolitics of oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear energy and the ongoing increase in renewable energy production. Through analyzing state actors, international organizations, multinational corporations, and non-governmental organizations, we will seek to understand how energy shapes global power structures, patterns of economic development, conflicts, climate change and other environmental challenges, and trajectories toward sustainable futures. This course proceeds by building a scientific and historical foundation for understanding the nature of energy and its interactions with human development. It will then seek to address contemporary issues related to the rise of fossil fuels and the ongoing development of renewable energy.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Explores various perspectives on nature articulated in the history of the world¿s religions beginning with hunter-gatherer and tribal peoples. Distinctive doctrines derived from sacred texts and by philosophers/ theologians, as well as the impact of ritual practices, are reviewed to understand the impact of religion on human ecology. After considering the perspective of Enlightenment thought on the natural world, the course surveys early North American exponents of ecological spirituality (Thoreau; Emerson; Muir), the writings of Eco-theologians (Fox; Berry; Schweitzer; McFague), and how cosmologies articulated by modern ecologists (Leopold; Lovelock) and activists (Earth First! And Greenpeace) have sought to define as sacred the human connection with the natural world.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies, Studies in Religion

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

A phenomenological analysis of mystical experience, both theory and practice, and an investigation of the epistemological and ontological status of this experience. Approach is pluralistic considering mysticism from the following perspectives: psychological, religious, anthropological, philosophical and scientific. Examines various conceptions of ultimate reality and a variety of practices constituting the mystic path or way. Mystical experience is broadly conceived as a state of consciousness whose dominant symbols and structures of thought, behavior and expression relate to the ultimate transformation of self and world.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies, Studies in Religion

Typically Offered: Fall

This course explores environmental issues from the religious side, grounded in the Bible and especially the Hebrew Bible. In the Bible, discussions of the environment cannot be disentangled from broader issues of justice, so throughout the semester students will explore the Bibles varied perspectives on the environment within the broader framework of justice. They will also learn to read in light of an "ecological hermeneutics," which means recognizing that the Bible contains neither easy maxims about environmental justice nor explicit strategies, and that bridging the gap between the Bible and present-day concerns involves more than just identifying biblical texts that deal with nature, the environment, or justice more broadly. Rather, what is needed are reading strategies and interpretive perspectives that are attentive to how a wide range of biblical issues and themes intersect with and inform questions of justice. Such an ecological hermeneutic entails not only the creative and nuanced exegesis of specific texts from the perspective of land care, environmental conservation and human rights, but also the cultivation of biblical perspectives and principles that can transform our theological convictions, daily practices, and community leadership.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Studies in Religion

Typically Offered: Alternate Years, Spring

A survey of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the major garden traditions of the world associated with religions. This course moves from considerations of human aesthetic and spiritual experience in the natural world to a survey of the major garden traditions associated with the western Mediterranean and Europe: in classical Greece and Rome, Christianity, and Islam. The course then moves to East Asia and classical traditions of China and Japan. Special focus will be given to elements of the campus Japanese Garden Initiative: teahouse gardens and monastic viewing gardens. Field trips to regional gardens will be made. For the final project, students design small virtual contemplative gardens for possible construction at specific campus sites.

Prerequisite: One previous course in Religion, Asian Studies or Middle East Studies

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies, Studies in Religion

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

In light of current questions about climate change and species extinction, this course considers if and how the Bible relates to questions we may have about nature and animals. To do so, we will pay attention not only to biblical studies and religious ethics but also to ecological and animal studies that have been developed across various disciplines in recent years. In addition to reading and thinking about the Bible with the help of biblical scholars, we will spend time learning and discussing influential ideas about the natural and animal world from a diversity of scholars in other fields, including Carol J. Adams, John Maxwell Coetzee, Jacques Derrida, Pope Francis, Donna Haraway, Emmanuel Levinas, Bill McKibben, and Anna Tsing.

Prerequisite: One previous RELS course.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Studies in Religion

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

This course considers Siberia narrative as a distinct tradition (rather than a motif or sub-genre of Russian literature). Of primary importance to this distinction is a world view that regards nature as intrinsically sacred (a characterization that challenges characterizations of Siberia as a frozen wasteland or vast prison camp). While this perception of the earth as iconic is expressed in various ways from ancient oral tales of indigenous Siberian peoples to twenty-first century novels, important shared aspects of the relationship between the Siberian landscape and the people who inhabit it define, shape, and unite the tradition. In it, for example, we repeatedly see the perception of the natural world as an intentional (if not sentient) creator, whose immanence is experienced in the profound yet revelatory silence of Siberias steppe, taiga, and tundra. At its core, the Siberian narrative tradition describes the perception and experience of Siberia as a transcendent and sacred space which, I believe, may answer the following questions: What makes Siberian space sacred? What does it mean to be Siberian? What does Siberia mean to Russia?Readings, films, and discussions in this course focus on the idea of the sacred that grows out of human relationships of the various peoples of Siberia, non-indigenous natives, and other less willing residents of Siberia with its landmass and natural world. You will learn about the geology, ecology, and human history of Siberia and the belief systems and environmental philosophy that grows out of lived experience there. You explore expression and perceptions of the sacred in the following ways: narrative traditions of indigenous Siberian peoples; the rise of Russian monasticism/colonialism in Siberia starting in the sixteenth century and the development of hesychastic prayer practice in Russian Orthodoxy; the dueling views of Siberia from the nineteenth century as both a miraculous land (heaven) and a land of exile (hell); the representation of Siberia as a magical realm of creative and spiritual transformation and transcendence, which includes the discovery of Siberian shamanism by twentieth-century Russian Avant-garde; the birth of the ecology movement in twentieth-century Siberia  in part a response to Soviet-era misperceptions and misuses of the environment and natural resources -- and the role of native Siberian narrative and its ecological values. Topics on nineteenth- and twentieth-century narrative include consideration of narratives about the tsarist and Soviet prison that challenge the idea of the sacred in Siberian space. Invited lectures will combine current trends in Siberian narrative and reconsider the future role of Siberia as it relates to global warming, natural resources, and the political and economic policies of the Russian Federation.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Cross-Cultural Studies, Studies in Religion

Typically Offered: Alternate Years, Spring

This course asks what it means to be a good citizen, good consumer, and good corporation in light of contemporary social and environmental problems by focusing on the relationship between democracy and capitalism. It investigates the complexities of understanding and implementing social responsibility on the local, national, and global level.

Prerequisite: SOCL 101

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

This course examines the interaction between human society and the natural environment, more specifically, the relationships between various environmental and social problems, as well as emphasizes current theory and research in environmental sociology aimed at understanding and addressing those problems. By discussing issues of science and technology, popular culture, disasters, urbanization, racial and gender relations, domination and violence, as well as social movements, and by engaging in issues from a diversity of disciplines including anthropology, biology, economics, geography, psychology, and history, this course will reach a broad understanding of environmental issues. One unit.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

This course will explore the processes, policies, and programs that have shaped and affected the relationship between cities and the environment in the United States. Students will be exposed to a number of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches to the study of urban areas and the environment.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Environmental Racism was coined by environmental justice activists to describe situations where communities of color face disproportionate environmental ills and lack environmental privilege. In this course we look at the history of environmental racism, its relationship with capitalism, and several areas where environmental racism is most obvious, including, but not limited to: food, disasters, and the environmental movement itself.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Social Science

Explore key cultural texts, figures, and movements that address environmental issues in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Latinx communities in the U.S./Analyze diverse perspectives on nature, land, and ecological justice across the Spanish-speaking world./ Reflect critically on dominant and alternative relationships with the environment, including Indigenous, Afro-diasporic, and popular approaches./ Examine intersections of identity, territory, resistance, and extractivism through literature, film, and art./ Strengthen oral and written communication in Spanish through discussion, creative projects, and critical reflection.

Prerequisite: SPAN 301 or any higher level course.

GPA units: 1

An introduction to modern statistical inference with applications in the natural and social sciences. Topics include sampling strategies and experimental design, numerical and graphical methods of describing data, basic concepts in probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and simple linear regression. Some majors at the College offer their own statistics courses that are tailored to their respective disciplines. Students majoring in economics, biology, psychology and sociology should take the statistics course within their major. Statistics is also a part of the health professions curriculum. Health professions students are advised to take the statistics course in their major, should it offer one. Otherwise, such students should take STAT 220.

Prerequisite: MATH 135, or equivalent. Students who have taken ECON 149, ECON 249, BIOL 275, PSYC 200 or SOCL 226 or have credit for AP Statistics may not enroll in this course. ACCT, ECON, PSYC or SOCL majors may not enroll in STAT 220.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

This course introduces French environmental history from the Enlightenment to the present day through the study of literature and film, challenging common assumptions about France's ecological past. Through literary and cinematic analysis of texts by Chateaubriand, Zola, Maupassant, George Sand, Jules Verne, Elysée Reclus, Colette, Jean Giono, and Maylis de Kerangal, and films by Georges Méliès, Agnès Varda, Sara Dosa, Cyprien Vial among others, we will examine how French writers and filmmakers have depicted French society's complex relationship with nature, often revealing surprising continuities and ruptures that contradict popular narratives about environmental change. We will analyze representations of industrialization, globalization, natural disasters, conservation efforts, and ecological anxiety (in texts as early as Voltaire's1756 "Poem on the Disaster of Lisbon" to uncover the myths and realities of French environmental history.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Literature

Typically Offered: Every Third Year

This lecture course probes the catalysts and implements of urban change around the globe since the Industrial Revolution. Using case studies of major cities, the course will explore how local political, socio-economic, and technical shifts wrought physical changes at the scale of the city. Our scope includes those figures who were agents of, and targets of, urban change; as well as the layers of water, sewer, electric, and transportation infrastructure that empower modern metropolises. We will also explore polarities of public vs. private and city vs. country. The course engages local examples, and when possible, includes a CBL component.

GPA units: 1

Typically Offered: Annually

Green," in color and concept, is a word that has meant many different things to different societies over the centuries. This course will explore the notion of "green" across time and space, focused on the application of this term to the natural and built environment, and mankind's relationship to them. Topics will include color theory, gardens as place-making tools in varying religious and cultural contexts, the protection and commodification of natural landscapes as public parks, the abundance and loss of trees, the history of "the lawn," the birth of modern environmentalism, and recent narratives about sustainable design of products, architecture, and landscapes.

Enrollment limited to 3rd and 4th year students only

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Arts

After studying the origins of landscape imagery, this course considers how landscape art was transformed in American culture. Topics include 19th century paintings of the Hudson River school, photographs and paintings of the American west, and the use of landscape motifs by contemporary environmental artists. We will engage in three main activities: 1) reading and discussing scholarly analyses of the history of landscape painting, nature writing and theories of/about the land; 2) working with a range of primary sources, including materials in local archives and museums; 3) trying our hand at creating new accounts of the landscapes around us.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Arts

It is a commonplace that the city and nature are in binary opposition, occupying either end of a spectrum that separates human manufacture from the spontaneous creations of an ideal natural world. But the emerging field of the urban environmental humanities complicates these assumptions: as it suggests, the artificial and natural worlds, the city and nature, are much more closely intertwined than we might expect. In this seminar we will explore a series of global examples from across history to explore foundational narratives of buildings, cities, and nature, the meaning of materials, the role of technology, and the ways that architectural and urban history intersect with natural history. The study of the urbanized world around us can also inform how humanists address the challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Arts

Typically Offered: Alternate Years

Explore the expressive potential of the natural world in this introductory drawing course. Trees are more than just landscape elementsthey are dynamic, living structures with deep-rooted symbolic significance across human history. We begin the semester outdoors in the campus arboretum, learning to translate the complex architecture and gestures of individual trees into line and value. When the weather turns, we retreat to the studio to synthesize our observations into larger, content-driven compositions that delve into the metaphoric life of trees. Students will experiment with a versatile toolkit, including graphite, charcoal, and inks, developing both a rigorous sketchbook practice and resolved observational works. Drawing Trees serves as a foundational gateway to intermediate-level art courses and will fulfill the ARTS common area requirement.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Arts

Drawn to Nature explores the natural world as a source of inspiration, as well as a point of departure to develop artistic investigation. Fundamental drawing skills such as line, texture, value, space, and scale will be practiced through visual engagement with the natural world. Subject matter will include plant and animal forms, trees and landscape, specimens in the studio and science lab, and objects viewed through the microscopic. Students will work with a range of dry and wet media, as well as traditional and experimental approaches to drawing. The practice of observational sketching and field journaling will provide source material to develop larger, resolved works. Numerous site visits to various locales on campus, as well as in the surrounding region will provide a variety of subjects for inspiration. The semester will culminate in a final project that develops personal exploration and builds upon the themes explored in the course.

GPA units: 1

Common Area: Arts

Typically Offered: Every Third Year, Fall